Definition and Function of Satellites
Satellites are celestial bodies that do not have their own light source and move around certain planets while following them circulating with certain periods of revolution and rotation. There are two types of satellites, namely natural and artificial satellites. Natural satellites are non-man-made space objects orbiting a planet or other object larger than itself. For example the Moon which is a satellite of the Earth.
Satellite Image
The movement of satellites around the earth generally follows the Keppler law (Keplerian Movement) which is based on several assumptions, namely the movement of satellites is only influenced by the earth's central gravity field, satellites move in the field of orbit that remains in space, the mass of satellites is not significant compared to the mass of the earth, satellites moving in a vacuum, and no sun, moon, or other celestial bodies affect the movement of satellites.
While artificial satellites are man-made objects that are launched into space for certain purposes. Just like a natural satellite, the artificial satellite is an object in the sky that rotates following the rotation of the earth. Satellites can be distinguished based on their shape and use such as: weather satellites, communication satellites, science and technology satellites and military satellites.
To be able to operate satellites are launched into orbit with the help of rockets. Developed countries like the United States, Russia, France and later China, already have stations to throw satellites into orbit. Therefore, this paper is made to find out the history and development of artificial satellites and the problems that arise from the satellites themselves.
Definition of Satellite
Satellites are celestial bodies that do not have their own light source and move around certain planets while following them circulating with certain periods of revolution and rotation. There are two types of satellites, namely natural and artificial satellites. Natural satellites are non-man-made space objects orbiting a planet or other object larger than itself. For example the Moon which is a satellite of the Earth.
Satellite History
The first man-made satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviets on October 4, 1957, and began the Russian Sputnik Program, with Sergei Korolev as chief of disein and Kerim Kerimov as his assistant. This launch triggered a space race (space race) between the Soviets and America. Sputnik 1 helps identify the density of the upper layers of the atmosphere by measuring changes in its orbit and provides data from the distribution of radio signals in the ionosphere.
Because this satellite body is filled with high-pressure nitrogen, Sputnik 1 also provides the first opportunity in detecting meteorites, because the loss in internal pressure caused by meteroid penetration can be seen through the temperature data it sends to earth. Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and brought the crew of the first living creature into orbit, a dog named Laika. In May, 1946, Project Rand released a preliminary design for a spacecraft experiment to navigate the world, stating that, "a satellite vehicle containing the right instrumentation could be expected to be a sophisticated scientific tool for the twentieth century".
America has been thinking about launching an orbiting satellite since 1946 under the Bureau of Aeronautics of the United States Navy. Project RAND owned by the US Air Force finally issued the report above, but did not say that the satellite has potential as a military weapon. However, they consider it a tool of science, politics, and propaganda. In 1954, the American Defense Secretariat stated, "I was not aware of any American satellite programs." On July 29, 1955, the White House announced that the United States would launch satellites in the spring of 1958. This became known as Project Vanguard. On July 31, Soviets announced that they would launch a satellite in the fall of 1957. Orbiting the earth was the International Space Station.